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Sodium bicarbonate, commonly known as baking soda, is often utilized in skincare primarily as a buffering agent. This means it helps to maintain the pH balance of formulations, ensuring that products are neither too acidic nor too alkaline. Proper pH balance is essential for skin health, as it helps to stabilize the skin barrier and prevent irritation or adverse reactions.

Additionally, sodium bicarbonate has mild exfoliating properties, which can benefit the skin when included in scrubs or cleansing products; however, its primary role remains in buffering. The other functions, such as providing moisture, reducing puffiness, or acting as an emollient, are not the main uses attributed to sodium bicarbonate in skincare, distinguishing its application from these other roles.