Oregon Esthetician State Board

What is the chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized?

1. Hydrolysis

2. Oxidation-reduction (redox)

3. Decomposition

4. Combustion

The correct answer is: Oxidation-reduction (redox)

The chemical reaction where the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is known as oxidation-reduction, commonly referred to as redox. In these types of reactions, there are always two half-reactions occurring simultaneously: one involves the loss of electrons (oxidation), and the other involves the gain of electrons (reduction). The oxidizing agent is the substance that gains electrons, which results in a reduction in its oxidation state. Conversely, the reducing agent loses electrons, causing an increase in its oxidation state. This interplay between oxidation and reduction is fundamental in many chemical processes, including those in biological systems, energy production, and various industrial applications. Hydrolysis, decomposition, and combustion do not encompass this dual process of electron transfer. Hydrolysis involves the breakdown of compounds with water and does not specifically focus on changes in oxidation states. Decomposition refers to the process where a compound breaks down into simpler products, without necessarily involving any exchange of electrons between agents. Combustion typically refers to a reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, often producing heat and light, but again does not inherently involve the dual mechanism of electron transfer characteristic of redox reactions. Understanding the unique characteristics of redox reactions is crucial for comprehending broader