Oregon Esthetician State Board

Which term refers to a condition that may develop due to immunological causes resulting in depigmentation?

1. Leucoderma

2. Chloasma

3. Psoriasis

4. Stain

The correct answer is: Leucoderma

Leucoderma is the term that refers to a condition characterized by depigmented patches of skin, which can develop due to immunological causes. This condition is often associated with the loss of melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, leading to lighter areas on the skin. Various factors, including autoimmune disorders, can contribute to this condition, as the immune system may mistakenly attack the melanocytes. In contrast, chloasma refers to a condition known as the "mask of pregnancy," where brownish pigmentation appears on the face, often due to hormonal changes rather than an immunological cause. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition primarily affecting the skin, but it does not lead to depigmentation; instead, it causes red, scaly patches due to rapid skin turnover. A stain typically refers to a discoloration that can occur on the skin due to external factors like injury or external pigment, rather than a condition caused by immunological issues. Understanding the definitions and causes of these terms reinforces why leucoderma is appropriately identified as the condition evolving from immunological responses resulting in loss of pigmentation.